Math

Source code

The math module can be imported with the statement import math.

The math module is used to do math. To do statistics, use the statistics module.

Constants

• math.pi: Pi. $\pi = 3.141592653589793$
• math.tau: Tau. $\tau = 6.283185307179586$
• math.sqrt_pi: square root of pi (math.sqrt(math.pi)). $\sqrt\pi = 1.7724538509055159$
• math.sqrt_tau: square root of tau (math.sqrt(math.tau)). $\sqrt\tau = 2.5066282746310002$
• math.e: Euler's number. $e = 2.718281828459045$

Functions

math.sqrt

Syntax: math.sqrt(n)

Returns $\sqrt{n}$ (square root of $n$), $n \in \mathbb{R}_+$

math.isqrt

Syntax: math.isqrt(n)

Returns $\left\lfloor\sqrt{n}\right\rfloor$ (integer square root of $n$), $n \in \mathbb{N}$

math.root

Syntax: math.root(n, k)

Returns the $\sqrt[k]{n}$ ($k$-th root of $n$), $n \in \mathbb{R}_+, k \in \mathbb{R}$

math.iroot

Syntax: math.iroot(n, k)

Returns $\left\lfloor\sqrt[k]{n}\right\rfloor$ (integer $k$-th root of $n$), $n \in \mathbb{R}_+, k \in \mathbb{R}$

math.degrees

Syntax: math.degrees(angle)

Transforms a radian angle to a degree angle. $\verb|angle| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.radians

Syntax: math.radians(angle)

Transform a degree angle to a radian angle. $\verb|angle| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.sin

Syntax: math.sin(angle)

Returns sine of an angle in radians. $\verb|angle| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.cos

Syntax: math.cos(angle)

Returns cosine of an angle in radians. $\verb|angle| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.tan

Syntax: math.tan(angle)

Returns tangent of an angle in radians. $\verb|angle| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.asin

Syntax: math.asin(sin)

Returns arcsine of an sin (result in radians). $\verb|sin| \in [-1, 1]$

math.acos

Syntax: math.acos(cos)

Returns arccosine of an cos (result in radians). $\verb|cos| \in [-1, 1]$

math.atan

Syntax: math.atan(tan)

Returns arctangent of an tan (result in radians). $\verb|tan| \in \mathbb{R}$

math.abs

Syntax: math.abs(n)

Returns $\left|n\right|$ (absolute value of $n$), $n \in \mathbb{R}$

math.log

Syntax: math.log(n, <base>)

Returns the natural logarithm (base=$e$) of $n$ if no base is given, or the logarithm of $n$ in the given base. $n \in \mathbb{R}^+_*, base \in \mathbb{R}^+_*\setminus \{1\}$

math.log2

Syntax: math.log2(n)

Same as math.log(n, 2). $n \in \mathbb{R}$

math.factorial

Syntax: math.factorial(n)

Returns $n!$ (factorial of $n$). $n \in \mathbb{N}$

math.gcd

Syntax: math.gcd(a, b)

Returns the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two integer numbers ($a, b \in \mathbb{Z}$). Note that $\textbf{GCD} \in \mathbb{N}$.