List of built-in functions

Input/Output

print

Syntax: print(str: str).

Prints str in console. Returns None. Example: print("hello, world!").

print_ret

Syntax: print_ret(str: str).

Prints str in console and returns it. Example: print_ret("hello, world!").

print_in_red

Syntax: print_in_red(str: str).

Prints str in red in console. Returns None. Example: print_in_red("Error: this error is RED").

print_in_red_ret

Syntax: print_in_red_ret(str: str).

Prints str in red in console and returns it. Example: print_in_red_ret("Error: this error is RED and returned")

print_in_green

Syntax: print_in_green(str: str).

Prints str in green in console. Returns None. Example: print_in_green("Info: this info is GREEN").

print_in_green_ret

Syntax: print_in_green_ret(str: str).

Prints str in green in console and returns it. Example: print_in_green_ret("Info: this info is GREEN and returned")

input

Syntax: input(<text_to_display: str = "">).

Inputs a str. If text_to_display is specified, it is printed as a prompt.

input_int

Syntax: input_int(<text_to_display: str = "">).

Inputs an int. If text_to_display is specified, it is printed as a prompt.

input_num

Syntax: input_num(<text_to_display: str = "">).

Inputs an int or a float. If text_to_display is specified, it is printed as a prompt.

Types

type

Syntax: type(value: Any)

Returns a str of the internal type of the value. It can be str, int, float, list, func, module, ...

is_int

Syntax: is_int(value: Any)

Returns True if value is an integer, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, int).

is_float

Syntax: is_float(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a float, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, float).

is_num

Syntax: is_num(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a number, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, float) or isinstance(value, int).

is_str

Syntax: is_str(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a string, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, str).

is_list

Syntax: is_list(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a list, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, list).

is_func

Syntax: is_func(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a function, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, BaseFunction) where BaseFunction is function, method and builtin function.

is_module

Syntax: is_module(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a module, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, module). Example: import math; is_module(math) will be True, but is_module(3.2) will be False.

is_none

Syntax: is_none(value: Any)

Returns True if value is None, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, NoneValue) or value is None.

is_constructor

Syntax: is_constructor(value: Any)

Returns True if value is a constructor, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, Constructor).

is_object

Syntax: is_object(value: Any)

Returns True if value is an object, False if it is not. Corresponds to isinstance(value, object). Note: in Nougaro, everything is not an object!

Type conversions

str

Syntax: str(value: Any)

Converts value to string (may return an error).

int

Syntax: str(value: Any)

Converts value to int (may return an error).

float

Syntax: str(value: Any)

Converts value to float (may return an error).

list

Syntax: str(value: Any)

Converts value to list (may return an error).

String and lists operators

upper

Syntax: upper(value: str)

Returns upper-cased string. Example: upper('nougaro') returns 'NOUGARO'.

lower

Syntax: lower(value: str)

Returns lower-cased string. Example: lower('NOUGARO') returns 'nougaro'.

split

Syntax: split(value: str, <char: str = " ">)

Returns splitted string. For example, split('a b c') returns ['a', 'b', 'c'] ; split('a b c', 'b') returns ['a ', ' c'].

startswith

Syntax: startswith(value: str, substring: str)

Returns True if value starts with substring. Example: "nougaro" starts with "noug", but "canal du midi" does not start with "minimes".

endswith

Syntax: endswith(value: str, substring: str)

Returns True if value ends with substring. Example: "nougaro" ends with "garo", but "canal du midi" does not end with "minimes".

len

Syntax: len(value: list | str)

Returns the number of elements in a list (i.e. its length), or the number of chars in a str.

reverse

Syntax: reverse(value: list | str)

Reverses list or string value by reference and returns the result. Example: reverse([1, 2, 3]) is [3, 2, 1].

append

Syntax: append(list: list, value: Any)

Appends value at the end of the list. Returns a list. If the list is a variable, edits the variable.

pop

Syntax: pop(list: list, <index: int = -1>):

Deletes value at given index. Returns the popped element. If the list is a variable, edits the variable. If index is not given, the last element of the list is popped.

insert

Syntax: insert(list: list, value: Any, <index: int = -1>)

Inserts value at the given index in the list.

replace

Syntax: replace(list: list, index: int, value: Any)

Replaces value at the given index in the list.

extend

Syntax: extend(list1: list, list2: list, <remove_duplicates: int = False>)

Appends to list1 the elements of list2. Returns list1. If list1 is a variable, edits the variable. If remove_duplicates is True, removes the list2 elements already in list1 before extending.

get

Syntax: get(list: list, index: int)

Returns the element of the list at the given index.

max

Syntax: max(list: list, <ignore_not_num: int = False>)

Returns the maximum element of the list. Ignores elements that are not numbers if ignore_not_num is True, otherwise crashes if such element exists.

min

Syntax: min(list: list, <ignore_not_num: int = False>)

Returns the minimum element of the list. Ignores elements that are not numbers if ignore_not_num is True, otherwise crashes if such element exists.

sort

Syntax: sort(value: list, <mode: str = "timsort">)

Sorts list value according to mode mode. Available modes are: timsort (default), stalin, sleep, miracle and panic.

• timsort is Python’s default algorithm
• stalin sends to gulag values that are not sorted (i.e. pop them from the list). Example: [1, 4, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2, 5, 23] will be sorted as [1, 4, 7, 10, 23].
• sleepsort take only a list of positive integers. It starts as many threads as elements in the list, and each thread waits for as much seconds as the element. For instance, when the list [5, 2, 3, 0] is passed in sleepsort, it starts by launching 4 threads that wait for 5, 2, 3 and 0 seconds. When a thread finishes to wait, it append its element to the list. Use the mode sleep-verbose to see what’s happening.
• miraclesort literally waits for a miracle. It checks if the list is sorted, and if it is not, it checks again. If a cosmic ray (or another miracle) flips the right bits in your RAM so the list is sorted, miraclesort will return the sorted list.
• panicsort checks if the list is sorted. If so, it returns it. If the list is not sorted, this causes an illegal hardware instruction (Unix and GNU/Linux) or a segfault (Windows).

Number operators

round

Syntax: round(number: int | float, <n_digits: int = 0>)

Rounds number to the closest number with n_digits decimals. n_digits may be 0 or negative, in which case the returned type is int.

Characters and Unicode

ord

Syntax: ord(c: str)

Returns an integer representing the Unicode code point of that c. c is a string with only one character. Ex: ord('a') returns 97 and ord('€') returns 8364.

chr

Syntax: chr(i: int)

Returns the string representing the character whose Unicode code point is the integer i. For example, chr(97) returns the string 'a', and chr(8364) returns the string '€'.

License

__gpl__

Syntax: __gpl__(<print_in_term: int = False>)

If print_in_term is True, prints the General Public License 3.0 in the terminal. Otherwise, it opens the GPL in the default system program.

Files

__path_exists__

Syntax: path_exists(path: str)

Returns True (1) if the path exists, False (0) otherwise.

Technical

exit

Syntax: exit(<stop_code: int | str = 0>)

Just quits the interpreter.

clear

Syntax: clear()

Clears the screen. Returns None.

void

Syntax: void(*args)

Does nothing. Returns None.

run

Syntax: run(file_name: str)

Executes the code in the file file_name.

example

Syntax: example(<example_name: str | None = None>, <return_example_value: int = False>)

Executes the code in the file examples/(example_name).noug. If example_name is None, executes the code in the file example.noug.

If return_example_value is True, returns the list value from the example execution.

system_call

Syntax: system_call(cmd: str)

Calls cmd. Prints the result of the command and returnt the stop code as str.

__python__

Syntax: __python__(source: str)

Runs Python’s eval(source).

__is_keyword__

Syntax: __is_keyword__(word: str)

Check if word is a valid Nougaro keyword.

__is_valid_token_type__

Syntax: __is_valid_token_type__(tok_type: str)

Checks if tok_type is a valid Nougaro token type, such as 'EE' or 'BITWISENOT'.

__test__

Syntax: __test__(<should_print_ok: int = False>, <should_i_return: int = False>)

Executes the test file for the Nougaro interpreter. If should_print_ok is True, prints “OK” each times a test was succesful. If should_i_return is true, returns the value of the interpreted file.

__py_type__

Syntax: __py_type__(value)

Returns the string of Python’s type(value). For instance, __py_type__(__py_type__) is "<class 'src.runtime.values.functions.builtin_function.BuiltInFunction'>"

__how_many_lines_of_code__

Syntax: __how_many_lines_of_code__(<print_details: Any = True>)

Lets you know how many lines of code there are in Nougaro. If print_details is True, details how many lines of code they are in each file.

Mathematical functions

Please refer to Math module.